> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://kleros.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Dispute Resolver

> Developer overview of the V1 Dispute Resolver tool for creating Kleros Court disputes without deploying a custom arbitrable smart contract.

The Dispute Resolver (formerly "Resolve") is a V1 tool that lets users create disputes in Kleros Court directly, without building a custom arbitrable contract. Users define the dispute question, options, and evidence, then submit it to Court for resolution. Evidence submission and appeal management happen through the Dispute Resolver interface.

In V2, the ability to create disputes directly is integrated into the Court interface.

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## Technical notes

* **File uploads**: evidence uploads go through Atlas to IPFS, with a SIWE info message at the upload step
* **Evidence display**: the interface fetches data from dynamic scripts for flexible evidence display, and normalizes PoH evidence payloads (including older submissions and non-object payloads)
* **MetaEvidence**: fetched via an API-based approach
* **Realitio cases**: ruling options display correctly for Realitio disputes
* **Networks**: Base Sepolia is supported alongside the existing networks
* **Dispute creation**: the create-dispute form validates inputs before submission

For the history of changes, see the [Changelog](/changelog) and the [Kleros blog developer updates](https://blog.kleros.io/tag/developer/).